Category: The Law of Business

A city tax bureau concedes that a married couple is two, not one

Some Oregon cities tax the income of businesses, but allow partnerships to deduct from their taxable income an allowance for compensation to their partners, whether or not for federal tax purposes the partnership pays the partners a salary. The amount of the deduction is $X per partner and the total deduction depends on the number of partners. If your partnership has twice the partners, it can claim twice the deduction.

Two married couples (let’s call them John and Mary A and Bill and Jane B) formed a partnership some years ago (let’s call it A & B Partnership). A & B Partnership filed city business income tax returns and claimed the compensation deduction based on the partnership having four partners. Last year the city told A & B Partnership that it had only two partners, because it counted Mr. and Mrs. A as one partner (not two) and Mr. and Mrs. B as one partner (not two). The city said that the partnership was entitled to only two compensation deductions, not four, and was assessed for underpaying its city income tax.

The A’s and B’s engaged our office to appeal the tax assessment. We made an unconventional policy argument against the assessment, based on a review of the history of women’s rights in Oregon.

Some arguments require force and bluster. Others can be won with gentle embarrassment. Last month the city agreed with our position and cancelled the assessment. The clients are happy – all four, not two, of them.

Our clients gave us permission to share our letter to the city.  In the continuation is a portion of what we wrote. You might enjoy reading it, even if you aren’t a married taxpayer.

Don’t write a contract that counts time in “business days” unless you’re sure of the answer

Christmas is an appropriate time to write about how lawyers use “business day” to measure time in a contract. We don’t often encounter problems when we measure long periods in days: for example, “Buyer has 30 days from receiving the survey to notify Seller of Buyer’s objections to the survey.” If the buyer receives the survey on April 16, the buyer has until May 16 to notify Seller of Buyer’s objections. Everyone can count to 30 when you’re counting every day.

Many contracts measure short periods in business days, for example, “Buyer has 5 business days from receiving the title report to notify Seller of Buyer’s objections to the title report. The buyer wants to measure the period in business days because the buyer might receive the title report on the Friday before a three-day holiday weekend, perhaps on December 22, 2017, and doesn’t want Saturday, Sunday, and Christmas Day (today!) to count against the review time.

To leave nothing to chance, some careful drafters provide a definition of “business day.” I’ve seen a definition of a business day as a day that the courts in Multnomah County are regularly open for business. I’ve also seen definitions of “business days” as days on which banks are open for business, a definition that got mushy 40 years ago when Fred Meyer Savings & Loan began to open its offices on Sundays.

Most days don’t trip us up. No one in the United States would seriously argue that December 25 is a business day, nor Thanksgiving, nor July 4, nor New Year’s Day.

But Oregon has one day that’s a trap for the careless drafter: Columbus Day.  Read more in the continuation about how Columbus Day bit the Oregon Department of Revenue in the pocketbook . . . .

The passive voice is to be avoided

In great literature, the passive voice may be used to good effect to convey immutable fate, actions of the invisible, or Kafkaesque bureaucracy.  Not so in business law.  If you won’t be submitting your contract for the Pulitzer Prize, then don’t use the passive voice when you’re writing it.  Compare “Rent payments that are not received by the 5th day of the month will incur a 5% late fee” with “If Landlord does not receive Tenant’s rent in full by the 5th day of the month, then Tenant will pay Landlord a late fee of 5% of the full amount of that month’s rent.”
Strive to be clear.  If you don’t understand your contract when you’re signing it, the jury won’t understand it when you have to sue on it.